Списък на темите в Анатомията на Грей: XI. Спланхнология

Темите (235-278) по-долу са покрити в глава XI^-та: Спланхнология от Анатомията на Грей (версия от 1918 г.)

Дихателната система (Тема 235)

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• Apparatus Respiratorius; Дихателна система
• Respiratory apparatus: development of
  • laryngo-tracheal tube
  • белодробни пъпки
  • пирамидални подутини
  • furcula of His

Гръклянът (Тема 236)

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• Гръклян

Cartilages of the larynx (cartilagines laryngis)

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• Щитовиден хрущял (cartilago thyreoidea)
  • laryngeal prominence (pomum Adami)
  • superior thyroid notch
  • oblique line

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• Щитовиден хрущял (cartilago thyreoidea)
  • intrathyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage (cartilago cricoidea)
  • posterior quadrate lamina (lamina cartilaginis cricoideæ; posterior portion)
  • arch (arcus cartilaginis cricoideæ; anterior portion)

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• Arytenoid cartilages (cartilagines arytænoideæ)
  • colliculus
  • crista arcuata
• Corniculate cartilages (cartilagines corniculatæ; cartilages of Santorini)
• Cuneiform cartilages (cartilagines cuneiformes; cartilages of Wrisberg)
• Epiglottis (cartilago epiglottica)
• glossoepiglottic folds
• valleculae

Ligaments

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• Extrinsic Ligaments
  • Hyothyroid membrane (membrana hyothyreoidea; thyrohyoid membrane)

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• Extrinsic Ligaments
  • middle hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum medium; middle thyrohyoid ligament)
  • Lateral hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum laterale; lateral thyrohyoid ligament)
  • hyoepiglottic ligament (ligamentum hyoepiglotticum)
  • Cricotracheal ligament (ligamentum cricotracheale)
• Intrinsic Ligaments
  • elastic membrane of the larynx

Страница 1078

• Intrinsic Ligaments
  • Conus elasticus (cricothyroid membrane)
  • anterior part or middle cricothyroid ligament (ligamentum cricothyreoideum medium; central part of cricothyroid membrane)
  • posterior cricoarytenoid ligament (ligamentum cricoarytenoideum posterius)
  • thyroepiglottic ligament (ligamentum thyreoepiglotticum)

Interior of the Larynx

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• cavity of the larynx (cavum laryngis)
  • rima glottidis
  • vestibule of larynx
  • ventricles of the larynx

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• entrance of the larynx
  • aryepiglottic fold
  • cuneiform tubercle
• Ventricular folds (plicœ ventriculares; superior or false vocal cords)
  • ventricular ligament
• Vocal folds (plicœ vocales; inferior or true vocal cords)
  • vocal ligaments (ligamenta vocales; inferior thyroarytenoid)

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• Ventricle of the larynx (ventriculus laryngis [Morgagnii]; laryngeal sinus)
  • appendix of the laryngeal ventricle (appendix ventriculi laryngis; laryngeal saccule)
• Rima glottidis

Muscles

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• Cricothyreoideus (Cricothyroid)

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• Cricoarytænoideus posterior (posterior cricoarytenoid)
• Cricoarytænoideus lateralis (lateral cricoarytenoid)
• Arytænoideus
  • Arytænoideus obliquus

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• Arytænoideus
  • Aryepiglotticus
  • Arytænoideus transversus
• Thyreoarytænoideus (Thyroarytenoid)
  • Vocalis
  • Thyreoepiglotticus
  • Ventricularis

Glands

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• arytenoid glands

The trachea and bronchi (Тема 237)

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• trachea or windpipe

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• Right bronchus (bronchus dexter)
• eparterial branch
• hyparterial branch
• Left bronchus (bronchus sinister)

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• cartilages of the trachea

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• напречни влакна (Трахеен мускул)

The pleurae (Тема 238)

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• плевра – по слой
  • белодробна плевра
  • стенна плевра

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• плевра – по слой
  • плеврална кухина
• плевра – по местоположение
  • ребрена плевра
  • диафрагматична плевра
  • чашка на плеврата (шийна плевра)
  • средостенна плевра
• Отражения на плеврата
  • задно средостение
  • белодробна връзка

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• Отражения на плеврата
  • околосърдечна плевра
  • Сибсънова фасция
  • органоребрен синус

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• Отражения на плеврата
  • ребреносредостенен синус
• белодробна връзка (ligamentum pulmonale; ligamentum latum pulmonis)

Средостението (Тема 239)

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• Interpleural space
• средостение
• superior mediastinum

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• lower portion
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Middle mediastinum

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• lower portion
  • Posterior mediastinum

The lungs (Тема 240)

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• Lungs (Pulmones)

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• Apex pulmonis
• Basis pulmonis
• Surfaces
  • costal surface (facies costalis; external or thoracic surface)

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• Surfaces
  • mediastinal surface (facies mediastinalis; inner surface)
    • cardiac impression
    • hilum of lung

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• Borders
  • inferior border of lung (margo inferior)
  • posterior border of lung (margo posterior)
  • anterior border of lung (margo anterior)
    • cardiac notch
• Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs
  • left lung
    • superior lobe
    • inferior lobe

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• Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs
  • right lung
    • superior lobe
    • middle lobe
    • inferior lobe
• Root of the lung (radix pulmonis)
• Divisions of the Bronchi
  • right bronchus
  • eparterial bronchus
  • hyparterial bronchi
  • left bronchus

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• Structure
  • intrapulmonary bronchi
  • lobular bronchioles
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • Atria of bronchi
  • alveolar sacs
  • alveoli or air sacs

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• Structure
  • alveoli

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• Vessels and Nerves
  • pulmonary artery
  • pulmonary capillaries
  • pulmonary veins
  • bronchial arteries
  • bronchial vein

The digestive apparatus (Тема 241)

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• Digestive tube (alimentary canal)

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• Development of the Digestive tube
  • fore-gut
  • hind-gut
• Mouth
  • stomodeum

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• Mouth
  • primary labial groove
  • secondary labial groove
  • lateral swellings
• Salivary glands
• Tongue
  • tuberculum impar

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• Tongue
  • furcula
  • copula
  • foramen cecum
• Palatine tonsils
• Further Development of the Digestive tube
  • yolk-stalk or vitelline duct
  • коремен мезогастриум
  • заден общ опорак
  • гръбен мезогастриум

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• Далечно развитие на храносмилателната система
  • мезоколон

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• Далечно развитие на храносмилателната система
  • bursa omentalis
  • foramen epiploicum or foramen of Winslow

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• Далечно развитие на храносмилателната система
  • коремен мезогастриум

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• Право черво и анален канал

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• Правото черво и аналният канал
  • entodermal cloaca
  • cloacal membrane
  • ectodermal cloaca
  • urorectal septum
  • cloacal duct

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• Правото черво и аналният канал
  • proctodeum
  • anal membrane
  • post-anal gut

Устната кухина (Тема 242)

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• cavity of the mouth
• vestibule (vestibulum oris)
• цепка
• Mouth cavity proper (cavum oris proprium)
• isthmus faucium
• mucous membrane

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• Lips (labia oris)
• frenulum
• Labial glands (glandulœ labiales)

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• Бузи (buccæ)
• лигавица
• molar glands
• Венци (gingivœ)
• Небце (palatum)
• Hard palate (palatum durum)
• Soft palate (palatum molle)
• palatine velum
• palatine uvula
• pillars of the fauces

Зъб (dentes)

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• Млечни зъби

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• Постоянни зъби

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• General characteristics of teeth
  • корона
  • корен
  • шийка
  • surfaces of a tooth
    • buccal surface
    • lingual surface
    • surfaces of contact
  • dental arches

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• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)

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• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)
    • crown
    • basal ridge (Cingulum)
  • Canine teeth (dentes canini)

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• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Canine teeth (dentes canini)
    • upper canine teeth (eye teeth)
    • lower canine teeth (stomach teeth)

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• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Premolars or Bicuspid teeth (dentes præmolares)
  • Molar teeth (dentes molares)
    • multicuspids
    • dens serotinus or wisdom-tooth
  • Deciduous teeth (dentes decidui; temporary or milk teeth)
• Structure of the teeth
  • pulp cavity
  • dental pulp
  • odontoblasts of Waldeyer

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• Structure of the teeth
  • enamel
  • cement (crusta petrosa)
  • dentin (substantia eburnea; ivory)
  • dental canaliculi (dentinal tubules)
    • dentinal sheath of Neumann
    • Tomes' fibers or dentinal fibers

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• Structure of the teeth
  • matrix (intertubular dentin)
    • incremental lines of Salter
    • interglobular spaces
    • granular layer
    • lines of Schreger
  • enamel (substantia adamantina)
    • enamel fibers or enamel prisms (prismata adamantina)
    • parallel striae (colored lines of Retzius)
  • crusta petrosa or cement (substantia ossea)

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• Development of the deciduous teeth
  • labiodental lamina
  • dental lamina
  • common dental germ
  • dental furrow
  • special dental germs

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• Development of the deciduous teeth
  • enamel cells (adamantoblasts)
  • external enamel epithelium
  • enamel organ
  • Formation of the Enamel
    • enamel droplet
    • cuticula dentis (Nasmyth's membrane)
  • Formation of the Dentin
    • dental sac
    • odontoblasts
    • prodentin
    • dentinal fibers (Tomes' fibers)

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• Development of the deciduous teeth
  • Formation of the Cement
    • epithelial sheath
  • Formation of the Alveoli
    • gubernaculum dentis
• Development of the Permanent teeth
  • successional permanent teeth
  • superadded permanent teeth

Tongue (lingua)

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• Root (radix linguae base)
• Apex (apex linguae tip)
• Inferior Surface (facies inferior linguae under surface)
  • frenulum linguæ
  • plica fimbriata
• Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ)
  • median sulcus
  • foramen cecum
  • sulcus terminalis

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• Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ)
  • lingual tonsil
• Papillae of the tongue
  • papillae vallatae (circumvallate papillae)
  • papillae fungiformes (fungiform papillae)

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• Papillae of the tongue
  • papillae filiformes (filiform papillae)

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• Papillae of the tongue
  • papillae conicae (conical papilae)
  • papillae simplices

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• Extrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Genioglossus (Geniohyoglossus)
  • Hyoglossus

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• Extrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Chondroglossus
  • Styloglossus
• intrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Longitudinalis linguæ superior (Superior lingualis)
  • Longitudinalis linguæ inferior (Inferior lingualis)
  • Transversus linguæ (Transverse lingualis)

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• intrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Verticalis linguæ (Vertical lingualis)
• Structure of the Tongue
  • mucous membrane (tunica mucosa linguae)
  • lingual tonsil
  • papillae
  • лигавица
  • corium
• Glands of the tongue
  • mucous glands
  • serous glands

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• Septum of tongue
• hyoglossal membrane
• Taste-buds
  • papilla foliata
• Vessels and Nerves
  • lingual branch of the external carotid artery, external maxillary artery and ascending pharyngeal artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • sensory nerves of the tongue
    • lingual branch of the mandibular nerve
    • chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
    • lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
    • superior laryngeal nerve

Salivary glands

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• Salivary glands
• Parotid gland (glandula parotis)

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• Parotid gland (glandula parotis)
  • accessory part (socia parotidis)
  • parotid duct (ductus parotideus; Stensen's duct)

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• Submaxillary gland (glandula submaxillaris)
  • submaxillary duct (ductus submaxillaris; Wharton's duct)

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• Sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis)
  • smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus)
  • plica sublingualis
  • larger sublingual duct (duct of Bartholin)
• Structure of the Salivary Glands
  • mucous alveoli
  • crescents of Gianuzzi
  • demilunes of Heidenhain
  • serous alveoli

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• Structure of the Salivary Glands
  • Langley's ganglion
• accessory glands

The fauces (Тема 243)

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• isthmus faucium
• glossopalatine arch (arcus glossopalatinus; anterior pillar of fauces)
• pharyngopalatine arch (arcus pharyngopalatinus; posterior pillar of fauces)
• Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)

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• Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)
  • supratonsillar fossa
  • plica semilunaris
  • plica triangularis
  • tonsillar sinus
  • medial surface of the tonsil
  • lateral or deep surface of the tonsil
  • lingual tonsil

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• palatine aponeurosis

• Muscles of the palate
  • Levator veli palatini (Levator palati)
  • Tensor veli palatini (Tensor palati)
  • Musculus uvulae (Azygos uvulae)
  • Glossopalatinus (Palatoglossus)
  • Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus)

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• Muscles of the palate
  • Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus)
    • posterior fasciculus
    • anterior fasciculus

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• mucous membrane of the soft palate

The pharynx (Тема 244)

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• pharynx
• pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller)
• Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx)
  • pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube
  • torus or cushion

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• Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx)
  • salpingopharyngeal fold
  • salpingopalatine fold
  • pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller)
  • pharyngeal tonsil
  • pharyngeal bursa
• Oral part of the pharynx (pars oralis pharyngis)
  • palatine tonsil
• Laryngeal part of the pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis)
  • sinus piriformis
• Muscles of the pharynx
  • Constrictor pharyngis inferior (Inferior constrictor)

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• Muscles of the pharynx
  • Constrictor pharyngis medius (Middle constrictor)
  • Constrictor pharyngis superior (Superior constrictor)
    • sinus of Morgagni
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
• Structure
  • pharyngeal aponeurosis, or fibrous coat
  • mucous coat

The esophagus (Тема 245)

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• Esophagus or Gullet

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• Relations
  • cervical portion of the esophagus
  • thoracic portion of the esophagus

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• Relations
  • abdominal portion of the esophagus
    • antrum cardiacum
• Structure
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • areolar or submucous coat (tela submucosa)
  • mucous coat (tunica mucosa)
    • muscularis mucosae
• esophageal glands (glandulae aesophageæ)

The abdomen (Тема 246)

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• abdomen
• diaphragm of the pelvis
• abdomen proper
• Apertures in the Walls of the Abdomen
  • umbilical
  • vena caval opening
  • aortic hiatus
  • esophageal hiatus
• Regions of the abdomen
  • Transpyloric plane
  • intertubercular plane

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• Regions of the abdomen
  • hypogastric zones

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• Regions of the abdomen
  • epigastric region
  • right and left hypochondriac region
  • umbilical region
  • hypogastric or pubic region
  • right and left iliac or inguinal region
• pelvis
• greater omentum
• Peritoneum (Tunica serosa)

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• Peritoneum (Tunica serosa)
  • visceral peritoneum
  • parietal peritoneum
  • subserous areolar tissue
  • peritoneal cavity
    • omental bursa
    • epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow)

Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)

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• Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
  • ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
  • falciform ligament of the liver
  • superior layer of the coronary ligament
  • superior layer of the left triangular ligament
  • inferior layer of the coronary ligament
  • hepatorenal ligament
  • bare area of the liver

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• Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
  • right triangular ligament
  • inferior layer of the left triangular ligament
  • hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
  • lesser omentum
  • gastrocolic ligament or greater omentum
  • transverse mesocolon
  • mesentery
  • sigmoid mesocolon

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• Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
  • rectovesical excavation
  • rectouterine excavation (pouch of Douglas)
  • vesicouterine excavation
  • broad ligaments of the uterus

Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

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• Vertical Disposition of the Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

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• Vertical Disposition of the Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)
  • gastrocolic ligament or greater omentum
• Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
  • In the Pelvis
    • sigmoid mesocolon

Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum

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• Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
  • In the Pelvis
    • sigmoid mesocolon
    • pararectal fossa
    • rectovesical or sacrogenital folds
    • paravesical fossa
    • plica vesicalis transversa
    • torus uterinus
    • ovarian fossa

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• Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
  • In the Lower Abdomen
    • опорак
  • In the Upper Abdomen
    • phrenicolienal ligament
    • gastrolienal ligament
    • Omental bursa (bursa omentalis; lesser peritoneal sac)

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• epiploic foramen (foramen epiploicum; foramen of Winslow)
• omental bursa
  • vestibule
  • gastropancreatic fold
  • superior omental recess
  • lienal recess
  • inferior omental recess
• omenta
  • lesser omentum (omentum minus; small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum)

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• omenta
  • lesser omentum (omentum minus; small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum)
    • hepatogastric ligament
    • hepatoduodenal ligament
    • fibrous capsule (Glisson’s capsule)
  • greater omentum (omentum majus; great omentum; gastrocolic omentum)
• mesenteries
  • mesentery proper (mesenterium)
    • root of the mesentery
  • transverse mesocolon (mesocolon transversum)
  • sigmoid mesocolon (mesocolon sigmoideum)

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• phrenicocolic ligament
• sustentaculum lienis
• appendices epiploicæ

Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)

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• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)

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• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
  • Duodenal fossæ
    • inferior duodenal fossa
    • duodenomesocolic fold
    • superior duodenal fossa
    • duodenojejunal fold
    • duodenojejunal fossa

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• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
  • Cecal fossæ (pericecal folds or fossæ)
    • superior ileocecal fossa
    • inferior ileocecal fossa
    • ileocecal fold of peritoneum (bloodless fold of Treves)
    • cecal fossa

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• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
  • Cecal fossæ (pericecal folds or fossæ)
    • retrocecal fossæ
  • intersigmoid fossa (recessus intersigmoideus)

The stomach (Тема 247)

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• stomach
• Openings
  • cardiac orifice

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• Openings
  • cardiac orifice
    • incisura cardiaca
  • pyloric orifice
    • duodenopyloric constriction
• Curvatures
  • lesser curvature (curvatura ventriculi minor)
    • incisura angularis
  • greater curvature (curvatura ventriculi major)
    • pyloric part
    • sulcus intermedius
    • pyloric antrum
• Surfaces
  • Antero-superior surface
  • Postero-inferior surface
    • stomach bed
    • gastrophrenic ligament

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• Component Parts of the Stomach
  • pyloric portion
  • fundus
  • pyloric antrum

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• Component Parts of the Stomach
  • pyloric valve (valvula pylori)
• Structure (layers)
  • serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • longitudinal fibers (stratum longitudinale)

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• Structure (layers)
  • circular fibers (stratum circulare)

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• Structure (layers)
  • oblique fibers (fibræ obliquæ)
  • areolar or submucous coat (tela submucosa)
  • mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)
• Gastric glands
  • pyloric glands
  • cardiac glands
  • fundus glands

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• Gastric glands
  • chief cells or central cells
  • parietal cells or oxyntic cells
  • lenticular glands

The small intestine (Тема 248)

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• small intestine
• Duodenum

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• Duodenum
  • superior portion (pars superior; first portion)
  • descending portion (pars descendens; second portion)

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• Duodenum
  • horizontal portion (pars horizontalis; third or preaortic or transverse portion)
  • ascending portion (pars ascendens; fourth portion)
    • duodenojejunal flexure
• Jejunum (intestinum jejunum)
  • Кръгли гънки (valvulæ conniventes)

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• Ileum (intestinum ileum)
  • опорак

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• Meckel's diverticulum (diverticulum ilei)

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• structures of the small intestines
  • Кръгли гънки (plicæ circulares [Kerkringi]; valvulæ conniventes; valves of Kerkring)

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• structures of the small intestines
  • intestinal villi (villi intestinales)
  • intestinal glands (glandulæ intestinales; crypts of Lieberkühn)

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• structures of the small intestines
  • duodenal glands (glandulæ duodenales; Brunner's glands)
  • solitary lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatici solitarii; solitary glands)
  • aggregated lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatici aggregati; Peyer's patches; Peyer's glands; agminated follicles; tonsillæ intestinales)

Страница 1177

• nerves of the small intestines
  • myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus)
  • plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus)

The large intestine (Тема 249)

Страница 1177

• large intestine (Intestinum Crassum)
• Cecum (intestinum cæcum)
  • caput cæcum coli

Страница 1178

• Vermiform process or Appendix (processus vermiformis)

Страница 1179

• Colic valve (valvula coli; ileocecal valve)
  • frenula of the valve

Страница 1180

• Colon
• Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
  • colic impression
  • right colic flexure or hepatic flexure
• Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  • left colic flexure or splenic flexure

Страница 1181

• Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  • transverse mesocolon
  • left colic or splenic flexure
  • phrenicocolic ligament
• Descending colon (colon descendens)

Страница 1182

• Descending colon (colon descendens)
  • Iliac colon
• Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum; pelvic colon; sigmoid flexure)
  • sigmoid mesocolon

Страница 1183

• Rectum (intestinum rectum)
  • rectal ampulla
  • Houston's valves

Страница 1184

• Anal canal (pars analis recti)

Страница 1185

• Anal canal (pars analis recti)
  • anococcygeal body
  • perineal body
  • rectal columns
  • rectal sinuses
  • anal valves
• Structure of the colon

Страница 1186

• Structure of the colon
  • appendices epiploicæ
  • longitudinal bands or tæniæ
  • Rectococcygeal muscles

Страница 1187

• Structure of the colon
  • solitary lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatic solitarii)
• Vessels and Nerves
  • hemorrhoidal plexus
• Congenital hernia

Черен дроб (Тема 250)

Страница 1188

• черен дроб (Hepar)
• жлъчка

Повърхности на черния дроб

Страница 1189

• горна повърхност на черния дроб (facies superior)
• долна повърхност на черния дроб (facies inferior; висцерална повърхност)
  • стомашна седловина
  • булова подутина
  • квадратен дял на черния дроб
  • чревна седловина
  • бъбречна седловина

Страница 1190

• долна повърхност на черния дроб (facies inferior; висцерална повърхност)
  • дванадесетопръстна седловина
  • опашат израстък
• задна повърхност на черния дроб (facies posterior)

Страница 1191

• задна повърхност на черния дроб (facies posterior)
  • надбъбречна седловина
  • опашат дял
  • опашат израстък
  • папиларен израстък
• преден ръб на черния дроб (margo anterior)
  • пъпна глъбина
  • ляв крайник на черния дроб

Ямки

Страница 1191

• лява сагитална ямка (fossa sagittalis sinistra; дължинна фисура)
• ямка за пъпна вена
• червенодроб мост
• ямка за венозен канал
• венозна връзка
• порта or напречна фисура (porta hepatis)
• ямка за жлъчен мехур (fossa vesicæ felleæ)
• ямка за долна кухна вена (fossa venæ cavæ)

Дялове

Страница 1191

• десен дял на черния дроб (lobus hepatis dexter)

Страница 1192

• квадратен дял на черния дроб (lobus quadratus)
• опашат дял (lobus caudatus; Spigelian lobe)
• опашат израстък
• ляв дял на черния дроб (lobus hepatis sinister)

Външни препратки

Страница 1192

• сърповидна връзка (ligamentum falciforme hepatis)
• коронарна връзка (ligamentum coronarium hepatis)
• чернодробнобъбречна връзка
• дясна триъгълна връзка (ligamentum triangulare dextrum)

Страница 1193

• лява триъгълна връзка (ligamentum triangulare sinistrum)
• кръгла връзка (ligamentum teres hepatis)
• напречна преграда

Развитие на черния дроб

Страница 1193

• чернодробни цилиндри
• синусоиди

Съдове и нерви

Страница 1194

• обща чернодробна артерия
• портна вена
• влакнеста капсула на Глисън
• чернодробни вени
• лимфни съдове

Структура на черния дроб

Страница 1195

• серозна обвивка (tunica serosa)
• влакнеста обвивка (capsula fibrosa; ареоларна обвивка)
• чернодробни делчета (lobuli hepatis)
• междуделчев сплит

Microscopic Appearance

Страница 1196

• вътределчева вена
• подделчева вена
• чернодробна артерия
• влагалищни клони
• капсуларни клони
• междуделчеви клони
• портна вена
• междуделчев сплит

Страница 1197

• вътределчева вена
• подделчева вена
• жлъчни канали
• междуклетъчни жлъчни каналчета (жлъчни капиляри)

Отделителен апарат на черния дроб

Страница 1197

• чернодробен канал (ductus hepaticus)
• жлъчен мехур (vesica fellea)
  • дъно

Страница 1198

• жлъчен мехур (vesica fellea)
  • Структура на жлъчния мехур
    • външна или серозна обвивка (tunica serosa vesicæ felleæ)
    • фибромускулна обвивка (tunica muscularis vesicæ felleæ)
    • вътрешна обвивка или лигавица (tunica mucosa vesicæ felleæ)
• мехуров канал (ductus cysticus)
• общ жлъчен мехур (ductus choledochus)

Страница 1199

• ампула на Фатер

The pancreas (Тема 251)

Страница 1199

• панкреас
• pancreatic juice

Страница 1200

• Отношения
• Head of pancreas
  • uncinate process

Страница 1201

• Head of pancreas
  • Anterior surface of pancreas
  • Posterior surface of pancreas
• Neck of pancreas
• Body of pancreas (corpus pancreatis)
  • anterior surface of pancreas (facies anterior)
    • tuber omentale
  • posterior surface of pancreas (facies posterior)
  • inferior surface of pancreas (facies inferior)
  • superior border (margo superior)
  • anterior border (margo anterior)
  • inferior border (margo inferior)
• Tail of pancreas (cauda pancreatis)

Страница 1202

• Pancreatic duct (ductus pancreaticus; duct of Wirsung)
  • accessory pancreatic duct (duct of Santorini)
• Развитие

Страница 1203

• Развитие
  • accessory pancreatic duct
  • pancreatic duct
• Устройство

Страница 1204

• Устройство
  • centroacinar cells of Langerhans
  • paranucleus
  • interalveolar cell islets (islands of Langerhans)
• Vessels and Nerves

The urogenital apparatus

Development of the urinary and generative organs (Тема 252)

Страница 1204

• urinary organs
• genital organs

Страница 1205

• The Pronephros and Wolffian Duct
  • pronephric duct
  • Wolffian duct
  • пронефрос

• The Mesonephros, Müllerian Duct, and Genital Gland
  • Wolffian tubules
  • мезонефрос (Волфово туло)

Страница 1206

• The Mesonephros, Müllerian Duct, and Genital Gland
  • urogenital fold
  • epoöphoron or organ of Rosenmüller
  • paroöphoron
  • duct of Gärtner

• Müllerian ducts

Страница 1207

• Müllerian ducts
  • genital cord
  • Müllerian eminence
  • appendices testis (hydatids of Morgagni)

• Genital glands
  • genital ridge
  • mesorchium or mesovarium

• Ovary
  • germinal epithelium
  • primitive ova
  • genital cords

Страница 1210

• Ovary
  • germinal path

• Testis
• Descent of the Testes
  • мезорхиум
  • inguinal fold
  • inguinal crest

Страница 1211

• Descent of the Testes
  • gubernaculum testis
  • plica vascularis
  • plica gubernatrix
  • saccus vaginalis
  • tunica vaginalis

• Descent of the Ovaries
  • canal of Nuck

• The Metanephros and the Permanent Kidney
• Метанефрос

Страница 1212

• Urinary bladder
  • vesico-urethral portion
  • pelvic portion

Страница 1213

• Urinary bladder
  • phallic portion
  • urogenital sinus
  • medial umbilical ligament (urachus)

• Prostate
  • Шкенови канали
  • bulbo-urethral glands of Cowper
  • greater vestibular glands of Bartholin

• External organs of generation
  • cloacal tubercle
  • phallus
  • genital tubercle

Страница 1214

• External organs of generation
  • genital swellings
  • corpora cavernosa

Страница 1215

• External organs of generation
  • prepuce

• Urethra
  • urethral plate
  • primitive urogenital ostium

The urinary organs

The kidneys (Тема 253)

Страница 1215

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra
• kidneys

• Relations
  • anterior surface (facies anterior)

Страница 1217

• Relations
  • Posterior surface (facies posterior)

Страница 1218

• Borders
• lateral border (margo lateralis; external border)

Страница 1219

• Borders
• medial border (margo medialis; internal border)
  • hilum

• Extremities
  • superior extremity (extremitas superior)
  • inferior extremity (extremitas inferior)

Страница 1220

• Fixation of the Kidney
  • adipose capsule (Renal capsule)
  • renal fascia
  • paranephric body

Страница 1221

• General Structure of the Kidney
  • renal sinus
  • renal calyces
  • renal pelvis
  • medullary substance (substantia medullaris) (Renal medulla)
  • renal pyramids
  • cortical substance (substantia corticalis) (Renal cortex)
  • renal columns
  • cortical arches

• Minute Anatomy
  • renal tubules
  • renal corpuscles
  • гломерул
  • afferent vessel
  • efferent vessel

Страница 1222

• Minute Anatomy
• glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)

Страница 1223

• Minute Anatomy
  • renal tubules
  • proximal convoluted tube
  • spiral tube
  • descending limb of Henle's loop
  • loop of Henle
  • ascending limb of Henle’s loop
  • zigzag tubule
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • junctional tube
  • straight tubes or collecting tubes
  • duct of Bellini

• The Renal Bloodvessels
  • inferior renal artery
  • arteriae propriae renales
  • interlobular arteries
  • end-arteries

Страница 1224

• The Renal Bloodvessels
  • arteriæ rectæ (vasa recta)
  • venae stellatae
  • interlobular veins

Страница 1225

• The Renal Bloodvessels
  • venae rectae
  • venae propriae renales
  • renal vein
  • lymphatics

The ureters (Тема 254)

Страница 1225

• ureters
• calyces
• renal pelvis

Страница 1226

• Ureter proper
• abdominal part (pars abdominalis)
• pelvic part (pars pelvina)
• ovarian fossa

Страница 1227

• Structure
  • fibrous coat (tunica adventitia)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • mucous coat (tunica mucosa)

The urinary bladder (Тема 255)

Страница 1227

• urinary bladder
• Empty bladder
  • fundus
  • vertex
  • superior surface
  • paravesical fossa

Страница 1228

• Empty bladder
  • inferior surface
  • retropubic pad
• Distended bladder

Страница 1229

• Distended bladder
  • postero-superior surface
  • antero-inferior surface
  • fundus
  • summit
• Bladder in the Child

Страница 1230

• Female bladder

Страница 1231

• Ligaments
  • Pubovesicales
  • Rectovesicales
  • middle umbilical ligament
  • false ligaments of the bladder
  • middle umbilical fold
  • lateral umbilical folds
• Interior of the Bladder
  • trigonum vesicae

Страница 1232

• Interior of the Bladder
  • torus uretericus
  • plicæ uretericæ
  • orifices of the ureters
  • internal urethral orifice
  • uvula vesicae
• Structure of the Bladder
  • serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)

Страница 1233

• Structure of the Bladder
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
    • Detrusor urinae muscle
    • Sphincter vesicae
    • muscles of the ureters
  • submucous coat (tela submucosa)
  • mucous coat (tunica mucosa)

The male urethra (Тема 256)

Страница 1234

• мъжка пикочен канал
• prostatic portion (pars prostatica)
  • urethral crest
  • prostatic sinus
  • orifices of the prostatic ducts
  • colliculus seminalis
  • prostatic utricle (sinus pocularis)

Страница 1235

• prostatic portion (pars prostatica)
  • uterus masculinus
• membranous portion (pars membranacea)
• cavernous portion (pars cavernosa; penile or spongy portion)
  • fossa navicularis urethrae
• external urethral orifice (orificium urethrae externum; meatus urinarius)
• lining membrane of the urethra
  • urethral glands
  • lacunae
    • lacuna magna
• Устройство
  • mucous coat
  • submucous tissue
• Congenital defects

The female urethra (Тема 257)

Страница 1236

• female urethra
• urethral crest

The male genital organs

The testes and their coverings (Тема 258)

Страница 1236

• Testes

Страница 1237

• скротум
  • Raphé of scrotum
  • integument

Страница 1238

• скротум
  • Dartos tunic
• Intercrural fascia (intercolumnar or external spermatic fascia)
• Cremaster

Страница 1239

• Infundibuliform fascia (tunica vaginalis communis)
• Tunica vaginalis
• Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis)
• Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
  • internal spermatic artery

Страница 1240

• • external spermatic artery
  • artery of the ductus deferens

• Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
  • spermatic veins
  • plexus pampiniformis
• Testes

Страница 1242

• epididymis
  • duct of the testis
  • sinus of the epididymis (digital fossa)
• Appendages of the Testis and Epididymis
  • appendix of the testis (hydatid of Morgagni)
  • appendix of the epididymis (pedunculated hydatid)
• tunics
  • Tunica vaginalis (tunica vaginalis propria testis)
    • visceral lamina (lamina visceralis)
    • parietal lamina (lamina parietalis)
  • Tunica albuginea

Страница 1243

• обвивки
  • Tunica albuginea
    • mediastinum testis (corpus Highmori)
  • Tunica vasculosa
• Устройство
  • lobules of testis
  • tubuli seminiferi
  • interstitial cells
  • сперматозоиди
    • spermatogonia
    • intermediate cells spermatocytes
    • spermatoblasts or spermatids
    • spermatozoön
  • supporting cells (cells of Sertoli)

Страница 1244

• Устройство
  • tubuli recti
  • rete testis
  • ductuli efferentes
  • coni vasculosi

The ductus deferens (Тема 259)

Страница 1245

• ductus deferens

Страница 1246

• ampulla of ductus deferens

• Ductuli aberrantes
  • ductulus aberrans inferior (vas aberrans of Haller)
  • ductulus aberrans superior

• Paradidymis (organ of Giraldés)

The vesiculæ seminales (Тема 260)

• Excretory duct of seminal gland

The ejaculatory ducts (Тема 261)

Страница 1246

• vesiculæ seminales

Страница 1247

• ejaculatory ducts

The penis (Тема 262)

Страница 1247

• Penis

Страница 1248

• Corpora cavernosa penis
  • crura
  • bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis
  • septum of the penis
  • septum pectiniforme
• Corpus cavernosum urethræ (corpus spongiosum)
  • glans penis

Страница 1249

• Corpus cavernosum urethræ (corpus spongiosum)
  • corona glandis
  • retroglandular sulcus
• root (radix penis)
  • fundiform ligament
  • suspensory ligament
• body (corpus penis)

Страница 1250

• extremity
• integument
  • prepuce or foreskin
  • frenulum
  • preputial glands
  • preputial sac
• Structure of the Penis
  • trabeculae
    • trabeculae of corpora cavernosa of penis
    • trabeculae of corpus spongiosum of penis (listed as corpus cavernosum urethrae)

Страница 1251

• Vessels and Nerves
  • helicine arteries

The prostate (Тема 263)

Страница 1251

• prostate

Страница 1252

• base (basis prostatae)
• apex (apex prostatae)
• Surfaces
  • posterior surface (facies posterior)
    • middle lobe
    • left lateral lobe
    • isthmus
  • anterior surface (facies anterior)
  • lateral surfaces

Страница 1253

• • Levatores prostatae

• Structure
  • muscular tissue
  • glandular substance
    • prostatic ducts
    • amyloid bodies

• Vessels and Nerves

The bulbourethral glands (Тема 264)

Страница 1253

• Glandulæ bulbourethrales; Cowper's glands

The female genital organs (Тема 265)

Страница 1254

• internal female genital organs
  • ovaries
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
• external female genital organs
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora et minora pudendi
  • clitoris
  • bulbus vestibuli
  • greater vestibular glands

The ovaries (Тема 266)

Страница 1254

• ovaries
• ovarian fossa
• suspensory ligament of the ovary
• ligament of the ovary

Страница 1255

• мезовариум

• Epoöphoron (parovarium; organ of Rosenmüller)
  • ductuli transversi
  • ductus longitudinalis epoöphori (duct of Gärtner)

• Paroöphoron

• Устройство
  • germinal epithelium of Waldeyer

Страница 1256

• Устройство
  • stroma
  • tunica albuginea

• Vesicular ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles)
  • medullary substance (zona vasculosa of Waldeyer)
  • membrana granulosa
  • discus proligerus

• Discharge of the Ovum

• Corpus luteum

• Vessels and Nerves
  • pampiniform plexus

The uterine tube (Тема 267)

Страница 1257

• Tuba uterina; Fallopian tube; Oviduct
• uterine tubes
• isthmus
• ampulla
• infundibulum
• abdominal ostium
• fimbriae
• ovarian fimbria
• appendices vesiculosae (hydatids of Morgagni)

The uterus (Тема 268)

Страница 1258

• Матка (Утроба)

Страница 1259

• internal orifice of the uterus
• Body (corpus uteri)
  • vesical or anterior surface (facies vesicalis)
  • intestinal or posterior surface (facies intestinalis)
  • fundus (fundus uteri)
  • lateral margins (margo lateralis)
    • broad ligament
• Cervix (cervix uteri; neck)
  • supravaginal portion (portio supravaginalis cervicis)
    • parametrium

Страница 1260

• Cervix (cervix uteri; neck)
  • vaginal portion (portio vaginalis cervicis)
    • external orifice of the uterus
• Interior of the Uterus
  • Cavity of the body (cavum uteri)
  • Canal of the cervix (canalis cervicis uteri)
    • palmate folds
    • arbor vitae uterina
• ligaments of the uterus
  • anterior ligament
  • posterior ligament
    • rectouterine excavation
    • sacrogenital folds or rectouterine folds
    • uterosacral ligaments
  • two lateral or broad ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri)

Страница 1261

• ligaments of the uterus
  • two lateral or broad ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri)
    • mesosalpinx
    • infundibulopelvic ligament
  • round ligaments (ligamentum teres uteri)
    • canal of Nuck
  • ligamentum transversalis colli

Страница 1262

• structure of uterus
  • serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)
    • uterine glands
    • ovula Nabothi

Страница 1263

• nerves of uterus

The vagina (Тема 269)

Страница 1264

• vagina
• posterior fornix
• columns of the vagina
• Bulbocavernosus
• erectile tissue

The external genital organs (Тема 270)

Страница 1264

• pudendum or vulva

Страница 1265

• Mons pubis (commissura labiorum anterior; mons Veneris)

• Labia majora (labia majora pudendi)
  • pudendal cleft or rima
  • anterior labial commissure
  • posterior labial commissure
  • перинеум

• Labia minora (labia minora pudendi; nymphæ)
  • frenulum of the labia or fourchette

Страница 1266

• Labia minora (labia minora pudendi; nymphæ)
  • preputium clitoridis
  • frenulum of the clitoris

• Клитор
  • free extremity (glans clitoridis)

• Vestibule (vestibulum vaginæ)
  • vestibule of the vagina (vestibulum vaginæ)
  • external urethral orifice (orificium urethræ externum; urinary meatus)
  • vaginal orifice
  • hymen
  • imperforate hymen
  • carunculae hymenales
  • navicular fossa

• Bulb of the vestibule (bulbus vestibuli; vaginal bulb)
  • pars intermedia

• Greater vestibular glands (glandulæ vestibularis major [Bartholini]; Bartholin's glands)

The mammæ (Тема 271)

Страница 1267

• Mammary gland; Breasts
• mammæ
• Mammary papilla or Nipple (papilla mammæ)
• areola
• areolar glands

Страница 1268

• tubuli lactiferi
• ampullæ
• colostrum corpuscles
• circulus venosus

The ductless glands

The thyroid gland (Тема 272)

Страница 1269

• Thyroid gland (Glandula Thyreiodea; Thyroid body)
• lobes of thyroevil. thyreoideæ)

Страница 1270

• thyroid isthmus (isthmus gl. thyreoidea)
• pyramidal lobe
• Levator glandulæ thyreoideæ
• accessory thyroid glands (glandulæ thyreoideæ accessoriæ)
• thyroglossal duct

The parathyroid glands (Тема 273)

Страница 1271

• parathyroid glands

Страница 1272

• ultimo-branchial bodies

The thymus (Тема 274)

Страница 1273

• thymus

Страница 1274

• corpuscles of Hassall

The hypophysis cerebri (Тема 275)

Страница 1275

• hypophysis (pituitary body)

Страница 1276

• Development of the Hypophysis cerebri

Страница 1277

• pouch of Rathke
• craniopharyngeal canal

The pineal body (Тема 276)

Страница 1277

• пинеално тяло (Епифиза)

The chromaphil and cortical systems (Тема 277)

Страница 1277

• Chromaphil or chromaffin cells

Страница 1278

• paraganglia
• aortic glands or aortic bodies

• Suprarenal glands (Glandulæ Suprarenalis; Adrenal capsule)

• Development

• Relations
  • right suprarenal
  • hilum

Страница 1279

• Relations
  • left suprarenal
  • accessory suprarenals (glandulæ suprarenales accessoriæ)

Страница 1280

• Structure
  • cortical portion (substantia corticalis)
    • zona glomerulosa
    • zona fasciculata
    • zona reticularis
  • medullary portion (substantia medullaris)

Страница 1281

• Glomus caroticum (Carotid glands; Carotid bodies)
• Glomus coccygeum (Coccygeal gland or Body; Luschka's gland)

The spleen (Тема 278)

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• spleen (lien)
• Relations
  • diaphragmatic surface (facies diaphragmatica; external or phrenic surface)
  • visceral surface
  • gastric surface (facies gastrica)
    • hilum

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• Relations
  • renal surface (facies renalis)
  • superior extremity (extremitas superior)
  • lower extremity or colic surface (extremitas inferior)
  • anterior border (margo anterior)
  • posterior border (margo posterior)
  • inferior border (internal border)
  • phrenicolienal ligament
  • gastrolienal ligament
  • accessory spleens (lien accessorius; supernumerary spleen)
• Structure
  • external coat or serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • fibroelastic coat (tunica albuginea)
  • trabeculæ

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• Structure
  • areolae
  • splenic pulp (pulpa lienis)
  • splenic cells

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• Bloodvessels of the Spleen
  • lienal artery
  • lymphatic nodules (Malpighian bodies of the spleen)

Вижте също

• Анатомията на Грей
• Списък на темите и фигурите в Анатомията на Грей
• Списък на фигурите в Анатомията на Грей: XI. Спланхнология